United Statesã¢â‚¬â€œlatin American Relations 1850ã¢â‚¬â€œ1903 Establishing a Relationship Review

April 19, 2022 Post a Comment

Bilateral relations

Indonesia – Usa relations



Indonesia	United States

Embassy
Indonesian Embassy, Washington, D.C.	United states of america Embassy, Jakarta

Republic of indonesia and the U.s. established diplomatic relations in 1949. Relations are generally strong and close. Both are republics, and each nation reciprocally recognizes the strategic importance of their counterpart.^[1]

Republic of indonesia'south people have generally viewed the U.Due south. fairly positively, with 61% of Indonesians viewing the U.South. favorably in 2002, failing slightly down to 54% in 2011, increasing to 59% in 2014,^[ii] and increasing further to 62% in 2015 (compared to only 26% who had an unfavorable view).^[three] Indonesian views of the U.Southward. have declined significantly during the Trump Administration,^{[ specify ]} with 43% of Indonesians viewing the U.Southward. positively in 2018 (a most 20 point drop from the end of Barack Obama's term) compared to 42% who viewed the U.Southward. negatively.^[4]

Co-ordinate to the 2012 U.S. Global Leadership Report, 23% of Indonesians approve of U.S. leadership, with 31% disapproving and 46% uncertain.^[v]

History [edit]

19th Century [edit]

In 1831, the natives living in the village of Kuala Batee (located on the isle of Sumatra, and so part of the Dutch E Indies) massacred the crew of a U.S. merchant ship. This led to the punitive Commencement Sumatran Expedition, a during which U.S. and Dutch troops raided the settlement.

The U.S. navy returned to Sumatra during the Second Sumatran Trek, launched in response to an attack on another U.S. merchant send past Malay pirates.

1949–1975 [edit]

Sukarno and Nixon in 1956.

Much to the annoyance of the Dutch, the United States played a major role in the demanding Indonesian independence in the late 1940s. The Cold War played a disquisitional part every bit the Indonesian Republic conclusively demonstrated its willingness and power to suppress internal communist threats, equally directed past the Comintern. U.South. policy since the 1940s has been to support Indonesia and help information technology avoid communism and was the main provider of armaments. After Japan, Indonesia was the largest pro-U.South. nation in Asia. It hosted American investments in petroleum and raw materials and controlled a highly strategic location near vital shipping lanes.^{[half dozen]}

The Dutch attempted to regain control of Indonesia after the surrender of Nippon. Yet, nether the Japanese occupation, the nationalist new government had arisen that resisted holland, leading to a iv-yr armed and diplomatic conflict. The U.S. took the lead in the United Nations demanding a Dutch withdrawal and Washington threatened to cutting off Marshall programme aid. Indonesia gained total independence from the Netherlands in 1949. Indonesia nationalized more a one thousand Dutch companies, and nine out of 10 of the Dutch residents returned to the netherlands, along with thousands of pro-Dutch Indonesians. Although considered a triumph of nationalism, information technology resulted in a prolonged economical low due to the country'south lack of capital and managerial skills.^[seven] Republic of indonesia helped sponsor the Non-Aligned Movement along with India and Yugoslavia to assert its independence from both the U.Southward. and the Soviet Marriage. When Republic of indonesia started selling condom to Mainland china in the mid-1950s, the Eisenhower administration protested and persuaded Djakarta to cease the sales, allowing friendly relations to resume.^[8] ^[9]

The U.Southward. under President John F. Kennedy intervened in the West New Guinea dispute between Republic of indonesia and the Netherlands, due to Indonesia's purchase of Soviet arms and planned invasion of the territory. U.S. diplomat Ellsworth Bunker brokered the New York Understanding, which eventually ceded West New Guinea to Republic of indonesia in 1969 afterwards a controversial referendum.^[ten] The administration of Lyndon B. Johnson escalated the war in Vietnam, which profoundly heightened tensions with Indonesia in 1964–65. Relations deteriorated farther with Indonesia'southward opposition to the germination of Malaysia that led to war. By mid-1965, Sukarno was edging closer to China, denounced U.S imperialism, and inspired anti-American demonstrations. Following an attempted coup on September 30, 1965, and the ensuing massacres of communists, the pro-Western Suharto came to power in 1968, and the U.Due south. started providing financial and military help to Indonesia.^[eleven] ^[12]

East timor crisis: 1975–2002 [edit]

The victory of left-wing Fretilin in a civil state of war in East Timor caused alarm in Indonesia, which feared a hostile left-wing base that would promote secessionist movements inside Republic of indonesia.^[13] Anti-Fretilin activists from the other principal parties fled to West Timor, a role of Republic of indonesia, and called upon Jakarta to annex the former Portuguese colony. On December vi, 1975, Ford and Kissinger met Indonesian President Suharto in Jakarta and indicated the U.S. would not take a position on Democratic republic of timor-leste. Indonesia invaded the adjacent twenty-four hour period and made East timor its 27th province. The United Nations, with U.Southward. back up, called for the withdrawal of the Indonesian forces. The 25-yr Indonesian occupation of East Timor was characterized by continuous and violent clashes between separatist groups (especially Fretilin) and the Indonesian military. It was not until 1999 that Indonesia relinquished command of E Timor following an Australian-led international intervention. Democratic republic of timor-leste afterward became an contained country in 2002.^[fourteen] ^[15]

Recent inquiry into newly opened documents indicates that anti-Communism was not the principal reason for Western support of Indonesia'south takeover of E Timor. Analysts in Washington and NATO concluded that East Timor was too minor and too unstable to survive on its ain. Furthermore, there was a clear need to maintain friendly relations with Indonesia due to its growing size and importance in a critical region.^[16] Following the invasion, U.S. military aid averaged nigh $30 1000000 annually throughout the occupation of Democratic republic of timor-leste, and arms sales increased exponentially under President Jimmy Carter. This policy continued until 1999 when President Bill Clinton was outraged by Republic of indonesia'due south disobedience of E Timor referendum results that heavily favored independence.^[17]

Since 2000 [edit]

With the stop of the Cold War in 1989 and the resolution of the East Timor crisis in 2000, relations between Republic of indonesia and the U.S. accept been untroubled. Past 2000, relations reached an all-fourth dimension loftier. Rapprochement was made successful by Indonesia'south transition to democracy with costless elections, and its effective counter-terrorism strategies. The George W. Bush administration claimed a role of the credit past arguing that the Bush-league doctrine advocated democracy as an antitoxin to terrorism, and Indonesia's experience vindicated the doctrine. The Barack Obama administration celebrates shared democratic values and interests and recognizes Indonesia's increasingly influential office in world affairs. Efforts by 2010 were underway for the 2 countries to create a 'Comprehensive Partnership Understanding' (CPA) encompassing enhanced security, economic and educational engagement, also as cooperation on transnational issues such equally climatic change.^[xviii] ^[19]

Contempo relations [edit]

Widodo and U.Due south. President Joe Biden, one Nov 2021

The United states has significant economic, commercial, and security interests in Indonesia. It remains a linchpin of regional security due to its strategic location astride several vital international maritime straits, specially the Malacca Strait. Relations betwixt Indonesia and the U.S. are more often than not positive and have avant-garde since the election of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in 2004.^{[ commendation needed ]}

Cooperative relations are maintained today, although no formal security treaties bind the two countries. The U.Southward. and Indonesia share the common goal of maintaining peace, security, and stability in the region and engaging in a dialogue on threats to regional security. Cooperation betwixt the U.Due south. and Republic of indonesia on counter-terrorism has increased steadily since 2002, equally terrorist attacks in Bali (October 2002 and October 2005), Dki jakarta (August 2003 and September 2004) and other regional locations demonstrated the presence of terrorist organizations, principally Jemaah Islamiyah, in Indonesia. The U.Due south. has welcomed Indonesia'south contributions to regional security, peculiarly its leading role in helping restore commonwealth in Cambodia and in mediating territorial disputes in the South China Sea.

The U.S. is committed to consolidating Republic of indonesia'due south autonomous transition and supports the territorial integrity of the country. Nonetheless, there are friction points in the bilateral relations. These conflicts have centered primarily on human rights, as well as on differences in foreign policy. The U.South. Congress cutting off grant military training assistance through International Military Teaching and Training (IMET) to Indonesia in 1992 in response to a Nov 12, 1991, incident in Due east Timor when Indonesian security forces shot and killed East Timorese demonstrators. This restriction was partially lifted in 1995. Armed services aid programs were again suspended, notwithstanding, in the aftermath of the violence and destruction in Democratic republic of timor-leste post-obit the August 30, 1999 referendum favoring independence.

Separately, the U.Due south. had urged the Indonesian regime to identify and bring to justice the perpetrators of the August 2002 ambush murders of two U.S. teachers near Timika, Papua. In 2005, the Secretarial assistant of State certified that Indonesian cooperation in the murder investigation had met the weather set by Congress, enabling the resumption of total IMET. 8 suspects were arrested in Jan 2006, and in November 2006 seven were convicted.

In November 2005, the Nether Secretary of Land for Political Affairs, under authority delegated by the Secretarial assistant of State, exercised a National Security Waiver provision provided in the FY 2005 Foreign Operations Appropriations Act to remove congressional restrictions on Foreign Military Financing (FMF) and lethal defence articles. These deportment represented a reestablishment of normalized war machine relations, assuasive the U.S. to provide more than substantial support for Indonesian efforts to reform the armed forces, increase its power to respond to national and regional disasters, and promote regional stability.

Workers rights [edit]

Regarding worker rights, Indonesia was the target of several petitions filed under the Generalized Organization of Preferences (GSP) legislation arguing that Indonesia did not meet internationally recognized labor standards. A formal GSP review was suspended in February 1994 without terminating GSP benefits for Indonesia. Since 1998, Republic of indonesia has ratified all viii International Labor Arrangement cadre conventions on protecting internationally recognized worker rights and immune trade unions to organize. However, enforcement of labor laws and protection of workers rights remains inconsistent and weak in some areas. Republic of indonesia's slow economic recovery has pushed more than workers into the informal sector, which reduces legal protection and could create conditions for increases in child labor.

Evolution assistances [edit]

The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and its predecessors have provided development assistance to Indonesia since 1950. Initial assistance focused on the most urgent needs of the new republic, including food aid, infrastructure rehabilitation, health intendance, and training. For 30 years, between 1967 and 2007, U.Southward. aid to Indonesia was provided inside the arrangements of, first, the Inter-Governmental Grouping on Republic of indonesia, and later on the Consultative Grouping on Indonesia. Through the 1970s, a time of enormous economic growth in Republic of indonesia, USAID played a significant part in helping the country achieve self-sufficiency in rice production and in reducing the birth charge per unit. Today, USAID assistance programs focus on chief education, democratic governance, rebuilding after the 2004 tsunami, economic growth, health, water, food, and the environment.

Improving the quality of decentralized didactics

In October 2003, President Bush announced a $157 meg Indonesian Didactics Initiative for 2004–2009 to improve the quality of instruction in Indonesia. This initiative is a cornerstone of the U.S. Government assistance program in Republic of indonesia, directly responding to Indonesia'south priorities and reflecting a joint Republic of indonesia-U.South. commitment to revitalize didactics for the side by side generation of Republic of indonesia's leaders.

Managing bones teaching (MBE)

Since 2003, this projection has worked with local governments to strengthen their capacity to effectively manage primary education services in 20 districts/municipalities in East and Central Coffee, Aceh, and Jakarta. MBE is likewise working with 10,000 educators to improve the quality of teaching and learning in grades 1–ix through in-service teacher training, customs participation, and the promotion of schoolhouse-based management. MBE straight reaches 450 schools, xx% of which are madrassah, and 140,000 students. Through dissemination of good practices, teachers from 2,000 additional schools received training concluding twelvemonth.

Decentralized basic education (DBE)

The Indonesia Teaching Initiative will increment the quality of basic educational activity in chief and junior secondary schools, both public and individual, and focus on three results: (DBE1) Local governments and communities more effectively manage education services; (DBE2) Enhance the quality of teaching and learning to improve student performance in critical subjects such as math, science, and reading; and (DBE3) Youth gain more relevant life and work skills to ameliorate compete for jobs in the future.

Opportunities for vulnerable children

This program promotes inclusive instruction in Indonesia. Children with special needs, such every bit visual impairment are provided with the opportunity to exist educated in public schools. Replicable models are being developed to expand the achieve of the program.

Sesame Street Indonesia

An Indonesian co-production of the honour-winning idiot box prove targeting young children is being developed and produced by the Sesame Workshop in New York with local Indonesian partners and USAID funding. Millions of Indonesian children will be better equipped to starting time school. The beginning flavour of the show, titled Jalan Sesama, was first aired in 2008.

Effective democracy and decentralized governance

This objective aims to support democratic reforms by supporting constructive and answerable local governance, addressing conflict and encouraging pluralism, and consolidating national-level democratic reforms.

Mitigation of conflict and support for peace

USAID remains a crucial donor working to mitigate conflict and back up peace in conflict areas, such equally Aceh, Papua, Sulawesi, and Ambon. Assistance activities focus on: conflict resolution/mitigation; civilian-war machine diplomacy; livelihoods development in conflict areas; drafting and monitoring of relevant legislation; and emergency and mail service-conflict transitional assistance to disharmonize-affected persons.

Anti-trafficking in persons

USAID's anti-trafficking programs work closely with the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and civil order groups in policymaking, program development, victim support, and dissemination of data which will contribute to reducing the trafficking of women and children in Republic of indonesia.

Justice sector reforms

Through the Democratic Reform Back up Program and Justice Sector Reform Programme, USAID's current Justice Sector programs provide technical help and training to judges, prosecutors and staff members at the Supreme Court, the Ramble Court, and the Chaser General'due south Office.

Legislative strengthening

Technical assist and preparation are provided to strengthen the legislative and legal drafting skills of parliamentarians too as provide institutional support to the National Business firm of Representatives, National Regional Representative Council, nine provincial legislative councils and xl district-level legislative councils. Activities include promoting constituency and media outreach; developing the chapters to draft and analyze legislation and operational budgets; creating inter-political party coalitions; encouraging legislative commissions to comport out their functions and perform strategic planning.

The local governance support programme

Currently assisting 60 local governments, this plan works to increment governmental accountability and transparency, strengthen the local legislative process, promote citizen engagement and civil service reform, and better the commitment of basic services.

Media development

In October 2005, USAID funded a new media development project entitled "Edifice on the Foundations: Strengthening Professional person, Responsible and Responsive Circulate Media in Republic of indonesia." The goal of the program is to build professional, information-based local media that are responsive to the development and reform of districts across Indonesia. The plan assists local radio stations in Due north Sumatra, Aceh and Java, fostering dialogue on media regulations, and providing support for media and media educational activity in Aceh.

Tsunami Reconstruction

The U.Due south. Regime was one of the first donors to reply to the disaster and remains one of the most significant contributors to relief and reconstruction efforts in Indonesia. Through numerous grants to not-governmental organizations (NGOs), international organizations, and Un agencies, USAID has helped stabilize the humanitarian situation in Aceh, avert a public health crisis, and provide relief services to survivors.

Rebuilding shelter and key infrastructure

USAID is assisting communities past providing much-needed shelter, working with the Indonesian government to rebuild vital infrastructure, and ensuring proper mapping and planning is considered through local cooperation.

Restoring livelihoods

USAID enables communities to direct capacity edifice to benefit people at the local level. USAID's Community Based Recovery Initiative is working with 59 villages to organize local capacity-building initiatives.

Strengthening capacity and governance

USAID is profitable in restoring local government services in Aceh, working to increment governmental accountability and transparency, strengthen the local legislative procedure, promote citizen engagement and civil service reform, and meliorate the delivery of bones services.

Economical growth strengthened and employment created

Help to the Indonesian authorities and private sector focuses on creating jobs past improving the business and investment climate, combating corruption, increasing competitiveness in key sectors, and improving the safety of the financial system. USAID is working with Indonesians to ensure that futurity generations relish an increasingly prosperous, democratic and stable state.

Business climate and enterprise evolution

Efforts to promote a transparent and predictable legal and regulatory business climate aim to reduce the hidden costs of doing business concern, to reduce uncertainty, and to promote trade, investment and job cosmos. USAID delivers technical assistance to leading industry sectors to fuel growth, exports, jobs, and prosperity. These efforts drive increased productivity and national competitiveness past forging stronger coalitions of public, private, and ceremonious society advocates for legal, regulatory, and policy change.

Financial sector safe and soundness

USAID is working to improve the oversight of bank and non-bank financial intermediaries in society to promote safety and soundness in the financial system and to improve transparency and governance.

Improving the quality of basic human services

The USAID Basic Human being Services Office assists Indonesia through an integrated strategy combining health, food/nutrition, and ecology direction and water services at the district and community levels.

Environmental services

This program supports improve health through improved water resources management and expanded access to clean water and sanitation services. With a ridge to reef approach, partners improve water resource management from watershed sources, along rivers, through cities, and to coastal reefs. In the upper watershed, the programme promotes forest management, biodiversity conservation, and land use planning to protect a steady, year-round source of clean water. Farther downstream, the plan strengthens municipal h2o utilities to improve and expand piped water and sanitation services to communities. Stakeholder forums link upstream and downstream communities to build consensus on water and waste management issues. Marginalized urban communities also benefit from the introduction of safety drinking water through Air Rahmat, a home chlorination product being introduced to the market through a public-private partnership.

Wellness services

Women, newborns and children are the principal beneficiaries of this integrated public health program. Working with the government, NGOs, and other partners, USAID focuses on maternal, neonatal and kid health; reproductive wellness; nutrition; HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria; and decentralization of the health sector. Improved health-seeking behaviors within communities link key hygiene promotion interventions, such as mitt-washing with soap, in social club to reduce diarrheal affliction, a major cause of childhood death. New initiatives address challenges from the re-emergence of polio and the outbreak of avian influenza in Indonesia.

Food and nutrition

Improving the nutritional status of Indonesians, USAID food assistance targets impoverished communities. These activities straight touch on women and children through targeted supplemental feeding and nutritional education activities. The nutrient assistance program works with villages to construct public latrines, washing facilities, protected h2o stations, and to organize solid waste disposal efforts to meliorate protect community health. Over i million people will be straight recipients of USAID food assistance under this program.

At America [edit]

In Dec 2010, the U.s.a. reached out to the Indonesian youth by establishing @america, a high-tech, interactive performance heralded as the digital-age successor to the venerable American Cultural Center. It is also American public diplomacy'due south latest attempt to win over young foreigners, especially in Muslim countries. @america represents the U.Due south. regime'southward first attempt at creating a total-fledged cultural heart since the September 11, 2001 attacks.^[xx]

@america is a cut-edge, 21st-century cultural center where visitors can explore and experience the U.Due south., and express their thoughts and ideas well-nigh America. At @america, visitors could discover state-of-the-fine art technology and learn more about the U.S. Through discussions, webchats, cultural performances, debates, competitions, and exhibitions, visitors tin feel the best of America – its ideals, creativity, and diverseness.^[21] This American Cultural Center located on the third floor of Pacific Place Mall, Sudirman Central Business District, Djakarta. The engineering on display — a giant, supercharged version of Google World chosen Liquid Galaxy, scores of iPads that are bachelor to test, interactive monitors explaining Blackness History Month — thrilled the teenagers.^[xx]

Diplomatic missions [edit]

The U.S. embassy in Republic of indonesia is located in Jakarta. There are U.S. consulate generals in Surabaya (principal officeholder: Caryn R. McClelland) and Medan (primary officer: Sean Stein). There is a U.Southward. consular agency in Denpasar.

The Indonesian embassy in the U.S. is located in Washington D.C., with consulate generals in New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Chicago and Houston.^[22]

Principal U.S. Diplomatic mission officials [edit]

Administrator--Sung Kim

Military machine cooperation [edit]

Indonesian and US forces participating in a platoon exchange programme in 2019

In 2010, the U.s. lifted a ban on military machine contacts with Kopassus, an Indonesian special operations forces involved with human rights abuses in the 1990s.^[23]

In January 2018 visit to Jakarta, Secretary of Defense James Mattis stated that Indonesia was a maritime fulcrum in the Asia-Pacific region, and wanted Republic of indonesia and the U.Southward. to cooperate on issues of maritime security.^[24] During that aforementioned visit, Secretary Mattis said he believed that Kopassus had reformed sufficiently to justify increased contact with the U.S.^[23]

War machine sales [edit]

The United States is a major supplier of military hardware to Indonesia, including of Boeing AH-64 Apache helicopters and the F-xvi Fighting Falcon.^[23] As of January 2018, Indonesia is exploring purchasing an additional 48 F-16 shipping, for as much as $4.five billion.^[23]

Run across as well [edit]

Indonesian Americans
Strange relations of the United States
Foreign relations of Indonesia

References [edit]

^ Almond, Roncevert Ganan (23 Oct 2016). "Why Indonesia Matters in a Season of Change – Indonesia is important to the U.Due south., in means that might be unexpected". The Diplomat.
^ "Indonesian Opinion of the United states of america". Pew Research Center . Retrieved 20 September 2015.
^ "Opinion of the United States". Pew Research Center . Retrieved xx September 2015.
^ "Global Indicators Database". Pew Enquiry Middle'due south Global Attitudes Project . Retrieved 2019-09-07 .
^ U.S. Global Leadership Projection Report – 2012 Gallup
^ Marc Frey, "Decolonization and Dutch-American Relations," in Krabebbendam, ed., Four Centuries of Dutch-American Relations (2009) pp 609-20.
^ M. C. Ricklefs, A History of Mod Republic of indonesia since c. 1200 (3rd ed. 2001) pp 261–90.
^ Soo Chun Lu, "'Merchandise with the Devil': Safe, Common cold War Embargo, and Us–Indonesian Relations, 1951–1956." Diplomacy and Statecraft xix.i (2008): 42–68.
^ Richard Stonemason, "The United States, the Cold War and Republic of indonesia-People's Democracy of Communist china Relations, 1950–1955." KEMANUSIAAN: The Asian Periodical of Humanities 23.ane (2016) Online.
^ David Webster, "Regimes in Motion: The Kennedy Administration and Republic of indonesia's New Frontier, 1960–1962." Diplomatic History 33.i (2009): 95–123.
^ Matthew Jones, "US relations with Republic of indonesia, the Kennedy-Johnson transition, and the Vietnam connection, 1963–1965." Diplomatic History 26.ii (2002): 249–281. online
^ H. W. Brands, "The limits of Manipulation: How the United States didn't topple Sukarno." Journal of American History 76.3 (1989): 785–808. online
^ Rebecca Strating (2015). Social Democracy in Eastward Timor. Routledge. pp. 30–31. ISBN9781317504238.
^ Benedict R. Andersen, "Democratic republic of timor-leste and Indonesia: Some Implications," in Peter Carey and One thousand. Carter Bentley, eds., Democratic republic of timor-leste at the Crossroads: The Forging of a Nation (Academy of Hawaii Press, 1995), 138–forty.
^ Adam Schwarz, A Nation in Waiting: Indonesia's Search for Stability (Westview Press, 2000) pp 198–204.
^ Brad Simpson, "'Illegally and Beautifully': The United states, the Indonesian Invasion of Democratic republic of timor-leste and the International Community, 1974–76." Cold State of war History five.iii (2005): 281–315.
^ "Written report: U.S. Artillery Transfers to Republic of indonesia 1975–1997 – World Policy Constitute – Research Project". World Policy Establish. Archived from the original on February 26, 2017. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
^ Ann Marie Murphy, "U.s. rapprochement with Indonesia: from problem state to partner." Contemporary Southeast Asia (2010): 362–387. online
^ Meidyatama Suryodiningrat, "Us rapprochement with Indonesia: From problem state to partner—A response." Contemporary Southeast Asia 32.3 (2010): 388–394. excerpt
^ ^a ^b Norimitsu Onishi (March v, 2011). "U.S. Updates the Make Information technology Promotes in Republic of indonesia". The New York Times . Retrieved 6 February 2013.
^ "Near @america". @america. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
^ "Daerah Yuridiksi KJRI di Amerika Serikat". October 22, 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Stewart, Ohil; Beo Da Costa, Agustinus (January 23, 2018). Davies, Edward; Macfie, Nick (eds.). "Indonesia looks to U.S. to relax limits on its special forces". Reuters.
^ Burns, Robert (January 22, 2018). "US says it wants to help Indonesia provide maritime security". The Associated Press.

This commodity incorporates public domain material from the United states of america Department of Land website https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2748.htm#relations.

External links [edit]

Embassy of Republic of indonesia in Washington DC, United States
Embassy of the United States in Djakarta, Indonesia
Republic of indonesia – US Economic Relations from the Dean Peter Krogh Strange Affairs Digital Archives
History of Indonesia – U.S. relations

Politics, Public Stance, and the U.S.-Indonesian Comprehensive Partnership (NBR Special Report, December 2010)
American-Indonesian Relations: Obama's Indonesia Question
Indonesia U.Southward.A a new partnership
Obama and Indonesia UsaA relations
Outlines of strange relations
Birth of the Commonwealth of Indonesia The get-go period of Indonesian independence

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93United_States_relations

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